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What (who) is channel runoff - definition
![Willow hedge strengthened with [[fascine]]s for the limitation of runoff, north of France.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fascine49.jpg?width=200 "Willow hedge strengthened with [[fascine]]s for the limitation of runoff, north of France.")
![Runoff holding ponds (Uplands neighborhood of [[North Bend, Washington]])](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/North-Bend-Uplands-Runoff-pond-3942.jpg?width=200 "Runoff holding ponds (Uplands neighborhood of [[North Bend, Washington]])")
![Soil erosion by water]] on intensively-tilled farmland.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Wassererosion Acker.jpg?width=200 "Soil erosion by water]] on intensively-tilled farmland.")
.JPG?width=200 "An open runoff system in Africa")
![Relationship between [[impervious surfaces]] and [[surface runoff]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Natural & impervious cover diagrams EPA.jpg?width=200 "Relationship between [[impervious surfaces]] and [[surface runoff]]")
![infiltration]] of stormwater through permeable soils into the [[groundwater]] [[aquifer]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Percolation trench.jpg?width=200 "infiltration]] of stormwater through permeable soils into the [[groundwater]] [[aquifer]].")
![Flooded streets in [[New Orleans]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Walking in the Rain New Orleans.jpg?width=200 "Flooded streets in [[New Orleans]]")
![channelized]] with concrete walls to control localized flooding.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Weaselbrgrandavpassaicjeh.JPG?width=200 "channelized]] with concrete walls to control localized flooding.")
Wikipedia
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one runoff component, the movement of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff. Water flowing in channels comes from surface runoff from adjacent hillslopes, from groundwater flow out of the ground, and from water discharged from pipes. The discharge of water flowing in a channel is measured using stream gauges or can be estimated by the Manning equation. The record of flow over time is called a hydrograph. Flooding occurs when the volume of water exceeds the capacity of the channel.
